Learn about CVEs

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) is a list of publicly disclosed computer security flaws. When someone refers to a CVE, they mean a security flaw that's been assigned a CVE ID number.

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Learn about CWEs

CWE is a community-developed list of software and hardware weakness types. It serves as a common language, a measuring stick for security tools, and as a baseline for weakness identification, mitigation, and prevention efforts.

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Learn about the MITRE ATT&CK framework

MITRE ATT&CK® is a globally-accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. The ATT&CK knowledge base is used as a foundation for the development of specific threat models and methodologies in the private sector, in government, and in the cybersecurity product and service community.

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Read about Cyber Physical systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computation, and physical components. Examples include the power grid, transportation systems, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and medical implantable devices.

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Read PagerDuty's 'Security Training for Everyone'

This is an open-source version of "Security Training for Everyone", PagerDuty's internal employee security training, given to all PagerDuty employees as part of our annual security training program. The main topics covered in this training are: Social Engineering - Primarily phishing and how to detect and report such attacks. Passwords - A crash course in how passwords are cracked, and why it’s important to have strong passwords. Physical Security - Guidelines for maintaining the security of our offices and equipment. Data Handling - The different types of data we have and how to properly handle that data. Compliance - How compliance affects our day-to-day operations.

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Read SystemDesign.org’s Textbook for System Design Interviews

Understanding how other systems are designed can help us to spot weaknesses and improve the security of our own designs.

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Read the Computer Misuse Act

The Computer Misuse Act 1990 attempts to discourage people from using computers for illegal purposes. Also consider reading the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) guidance.

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Read the CyBOK Adversarial Behaviours Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Applied Cryptography Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Authentication, Authorisation & Accountability Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Cryptography Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Cyber Physical Systems Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Distributed Systems Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Forensics Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Formal Methods for Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Hardware Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Human Factors Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Law & Regulation Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Malware & Attack Technologies Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Network Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Operating Systems & Virtualisation Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Physical Layer and Telecommunications Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Privacy & Online Rights Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Risk Management & Governance Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Secure Software Lifecycle Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Security Operations & Incident Management Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Software Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the CyBOK Web & Mobile Security Knowledge Area introduction

The Cyber Security Body Of Knowledge is a comprehensive Body of Knowledge to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector. The CyBOK project aims to bring cyber security into line with the more established sciences by distilling knowledge from major internationally-recognised experts to form a Cyber Security Body of Knowledge that will provide much-needed foundations for this emerging topic. The project, funded by the National Cyber Security Programme, is led by the University of Bristol's Professor Awais Rashid, along with other leading cyber security experts - including Professor Andrew Martin, Professor Steve Schneider, Dr Yulia Cherdantseva, Dr Rod Chapman and Dr Marina Krotofil.

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Read the Engagement Process booklet in the Practising Creative Securities series

Practising Creative Securities is a series of books which outline engagement practices and methods that can be used to structure conversations about digital security in day-to-day situations. These engagement practices and methods have been developed from eight years of research spanning four research projects that have focused on encouraging communities to talk about what digital security means to them in their day-to-day lives.

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Read the Everyday Security booklet in the Practising Creative Securities series

Practising Creative Securities is a series of books which outline engagement practices and methods that can be used to structure conversations about digital security in day-to-day situations. These engagement practices and methods have been developed from eight years of research spanning four research projects that have focused on encouraging communities to talk about what digital security means to them in their day-to-day lives.

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Read the Introduction booklet in the Practising Creative Securities series

Practising Creative Securities is a series of books which outline engagement practices and methods that can be used to structure conversations about digital security in day-to-day situations. These engagement practices and methods have been developed from eight years of research spanning four research projects that have focused on encouraging communities to talk about what digital security means to them in their day-to-day lives.

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Use a password manager

A password manager (or a web browser) can store all your passwords securely, so you don’t have to worry about remembering them. This allows you to use unique, strong passwords for all your important accounts (rather than using the same password for all of them, which you should never do).

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Use Diceware to general a password

Diceware uses rolls of a dice and a word list to help you create a new, secure, passphrase.

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